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        GHRC also hosts a database of Atlantic and Pacific tropical storm tracks derived from the storm data published by the National Hurricane Center (NHC).
    • HS3 (2012-14)
      • Hurricane and Severe Storm Sentinel (HS3) is an Earth Ventures – Suborbital 1 mission aimed at better understanding the physical processes that control hurricane intensity change, addressing questions related to the roles of environmental conditions and internal storm structures to storm intensification.

        A variety of in-situ, satellite observations, airborne data, meteorological analyses, and simulation data were collected with missions over the Atlantic in August and September of three observation years (2012, 2013, 2014). These data are available at GHRC beginning in 2015.
    • GRIP (2010)
      • The Genesis and Rapid Intensification Processes (GRIP) experiment was a NASA Earth science field experiment in 2010 that was conducted to better understand how tropical storms form and develop into major hurricanes.

        The GRIP deployment was 15 August – 30 September 2010 with bases in Ft. Lauderdale, FL for the DC-8, at Houston, TX for the WB-57, and at NASA Dryden Flight Research Facility, CA for the Global Hawk.
    • TC4 (2007)
      • The NASA TC4 (Tropical Composition, Cloud and Climate Coupling) mission investigated the structure and properties of the chemical, dynamic, and physical processes in atmosphere of the tropical Eastern Pacific.

        TC4 was based in San Jose, Costa Rica during July 2007.

        The Real Time Mission Monitor provided simultaneous aircraft status for three aircraft during the TC4 experiment. During TC4, the NASA ER-2, WB-57 and DC-8 aircraft flew missions at various times. The science flights were scheduled between 17 July and 8 August 2007.
    • NAMMA (2006)
      • The NASA African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analyses (NAMMA) campaign was a field research investigation based in the Cape Verde Islands, 350 miles off the coast of Senegal in west Africa.

        Commenced in August 2006, NASA scientists employed surface observation networks and aircraft to characterize the evolution and structure of African Easterly Waves (AEWs) and Mesoscale Convective Systems over continental western Africa, and their associated impacts on regional water and energy budgets.
    • TCSP (2005)
      • The Tropical Cloud Systems and Processes (TCSP) mission was an Earth science field research investigation focused on the study of the dynamics and thermodynamics of precipitating cloud systems and tropical cyclones. TCSP was conducted during the period July 1-27, 2005 out of the Juan Santamaria Airfield in San Jose, Costa Rica.

        The TCSP field experiment flew 12 NASA ER-2 science flights, including missions to Hurricanes Dennis and Emily, Tropical Storm Gert and an eastern Pacific mesoscale complex that may possibly have further developed into Tropical Storm Eugene.
    • ACES (2002)
      • The Altus Cumulus Electrification Study (ACES) was aimed at better understanding the causes and effects of electrical storms.

        Based at the Naval Air Station Key West in Florida, researchers in August 2002 chased down thunderstorms using an uninhabited aerial vehicle, or "UAV", allowing them to achieve dual goals of gathering weather data safely and testing new aircraft technology. This marked the first time a UAV was used to conduct lightning research.
    • CAMEX-4 (2001)
      • The Convection And Moisture EXperiment (CAMEX) was a series of NASA-sponsored hurricane science field research investigations. The fourth field campaign in the CAMEX series (CAMEX-4) was held in 16 August - 24 September, 2001 and was based out of Jacksonville Naval Air Station, Florida.

        CAMEX-4 was focused on the study of tropical cyclone (hurricane) development, tracking, intensification, and landfalling impacts using NASA-funded aircraft and surface remote sensing instrumentation.
    • CAMEX-3 (1998)
      • The Convection And Moisture EXperiment (CAMEX) is a series of hurricane science field research investigations sponsored by NASA. The third field campaign in the CAMEX series (CAMEX-3) was based at Patrick Air Force Base, Florida from 6 August - 23 September, 1998.

        CAMEX-3 successfully studied Hurricanes Bonnie, Danielle, Earl and Georges, yielding data on hurricane structure, dynamics, and motion. CAMEX-3 collected data for research in tropical cyclone development, tracking, intensification, and landfalling impacts using NASA-funded aircraft and surface remote sensing instrumentation.
    • GPM Ground Validation
      • The NASA Global Precipitation Measurement Mission (GPM) Ground Validation (GV) program includes the following field campaigns:

        a) LPVEx, Gulf of Finland in autumn 2010, to study rainfall in high latitude environments

        b) MC3E, cental Oklahoma spring and early summer 2011, to develop a complete characterization of convective cloud systems, precipitation and the environment

        c) GCPEx, Ontario, Canada winter of 2011-2012, direct and remove sensing observations, and coordinated model simulations of precipitating snow.

        d) IFloodS, Iowa, spring and early summer 2013, to study the relative roles of rainfall quantities and other factors in flood genesis.

        e) IPHEx, N. Carolina Appalachians/Piedmont region May-June 2014, for hydrologic validation over varied topography.

        f) OLYMPEx, Washington's Olympic Peninsula scheduled November 2015-February 2016, for hydrologic validation in extreme coastal and topographic gradients
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        This field campaign will provide ground-based validation support of the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) satellite program that is a joint effort between NASA and JAXA.

        As for all GPM-GV campaigns, the GHRC will provide a collaboration portal to help investigators exchange planning information and to support collection of real-time data as well as mission science, project and instrument status reports during the campaign.
    • IPHEx (2014)
      • The Integrated Precipitation and Hydrology Experiment (IPHEx) was conducted in North Carolina during the months of April-June, 2014.

        IPHEx sought to characterize warm season orographic precipitation regimes, and the relationship between precipitation regimes and hydrologic processes in regions of complex terrain.
    • IFLOODs (2013)
      • The Iowa Flood Studies (IFloodS) experiment was conducted in the central to northeastern part of Iowa in Midwestern United States during the months of April-June, 2013.

        IFloodS' primary goal was to discern the relative roles of rainfall quantities such as rate and accumulation as compared to other factors (e.g. transport of water in the drainage network) in flood genesis.
    • GCPEX (2011-2012)
      • The GPM Cold-season Precipitation Experiment (GCPEx) occurred in Ontario, Canada during the winter season (Jan 15- Feb 26) of 2011-2012.

        GCPEx addressed shortcomings in GPM snowfall retrieval algorithm by collecting microphysical properties, associated remote sensing observations, and coordinated model simulations of precipitating snow. Collectively the GCPEx data set provides a high quality, physically-consistent and coherent data set suited to the development and testing of GPM snowfall retrieval algorithm physics.
    • MC3E (2011)
      • The Mid-latitude Continental Convective Clouds Experiment (MC3E) took place in central Oklahoma during the April–June 2011 period.

        The overarching goal was to provide the most complete characterization of convective cloud systems, precipitation, and the environment that has ever been obtained, providing constraints for model cumulus parameterizations and space-based rainfall retrieval algorithms over land that had never before been available.
    • LPVEx (2010)
      • The Light Precipitation Evaluation Experiment (LPVEx) took place in the Gulf of Finland in September and October, 2010 and collected microphysical properties, associated remote sensing observations, and coordinated model simulations of high latitude precipitation systems to drive the evaluation and development of precipitation algorithms for current and future satellite platforms.

        In doing so, LPVEx sought to address the general lack of dedicated ground-validation datasets from the ongoing development of new or improved algorithms for detecting and quantifying high latitude rainfall
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      • DISCOVER was funded by NASA’s MEaSUREs program to provide highly accurate, multi-decadal geophysical products derived from satellite microwave sensors.
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      • The Land, Atmosphere Near real-time Capability for EOS (LANCE) system provides access to near real-time data (less than 3 hours from observation) from AIRS, AMSR2, MLS, MODIS, and OMI instruments. LANCE AMSR2 products are generated by the AMSR Science Investigator-led Processing System at the GHRC.
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DOCUMENTATION

Documentation

Guide Documents

Dataset PI Documents

Dataset Software

GRIP Hurricane Imaging Radiometer (HIRAD)

Table of Contents

Introduction
 Campaign
Instrument Description
 File Naming Convention
Data Format
Contact Information

Introduction

The Hurricane Imaging Radiometer (HIRAD) utilizes NASA Instrument Incubator Technology which provides unique observations of sea surface wind, temperature and rain. HIRAD measures brightness temperature at 4, 5, 6 and 6.6 Ghz. Ocean surface wind speed and rain rate are derived from the brightness temperature measurements. HIRAD data was collected for storms EARL and KARL during the GRIP field experiment. V0 data is available measuring brightness temperatures at 5 GHz. Rain Rate and Wind speed files for EARL have been added to the collection.

Dataset updated. Two different versions of the data are available: V1 published in 2015, and a preliminary V0 published in 2011. V0 updated files for the Karl hurricane in 2013.

Version 1, 2015:
Observed brightness temperature (Tb) data at all four measurement frequencies (4, 5, 6, and 6.6 GHz) are available for the entire flight duration. This updated data has utilized calibration coefficients derived from soem laboratory tests performed in the year of 2014. V1 data solely contains brightness temperature; wind speed and rain rate products must be obtained from version 0 data. Matlab software is also provided in the file read_v2_grip_HIRADnc.m.

Google Earth browse images are available for this data set along with a flight track that can be displayed in the Google Earth platform. For additional info on the Google Earth data files, please refer to the guide HIRAD_GoogleEarth_kmz-GUIDE.pdf.

Version 0, 2011:
Preliminary Version 0 of the data measures brightness temperatures at 5 GHz frequency. Four rain rate and wind speed files for EARL have been added to the collection. These files are available in ASCII text format and are available for the following days:
09-01-2010: Legs 1 and 3
09-02-2015: Legs 4 and 6

Additional information on V0 HIRAD data may be found in the following documentation by the Principal Investigator:

grip_hirad_readme_v0.txt - PI Readme which is available in both text and doc formatand
grip_hirad_readme_v0.doc. - Information on V0 HIRAD browse may be found in the PowerPoint grip_hirad_Browse_Images_v0.pptx - GRIP HIRAD Browse images
grip_hirad_WB57_GRIP_navEarl_Karl16.pptx - WB 57 Navigation for Earl (1-2 Sep 2010 ) and Karl (16 Set 2010)

More specific information for V0 HIRAD data is provided in the Principal Investigator's documentation listed on the GRIP HIRAD V0 Dataset Information Page.

Note: If you plan to use the V0 data in a publication and/or a presentation, please contact GHRC User Services Office (support-ghrc@earthdata.nasa.gov).

Citation
Version 1, 2015.
Cecil, Daniel J., T. Miller, W. L. Jones, S. Farrar, S. Sahawneh. 2015. GRIP Hurricane Imaging Radiometer (HIRAD) V1 [indicate subset used]. Dataset available online. https://fcportal.nsstc.nasa.gov/pub/grip/HIRAD/v1/ from the NASA EOSDIS Global Hydrology Resource Center Distributed Active Archive Center, Huntsville, Alabama, U.S.A. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5067/GRIP/HIRAD/DATA202.

Version 0, 2011.
Cecil, Daniel J. and Sayak K. Biswas. 2011. GRIP Hurricane Imaging Radiometer (HIRAD) V0 [indicate subset used]. Dataset available online. https://fcportal.nsstc.nasa.gov/pub/grip/HIRAD/v0/ from the NASA EOSDIS Global Hydrology Resource Center Distributed Active Archive Center, Huntsville, Alabama, U.S.A. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5067/GRIP/HIRAD/DATA201.

Keywords:
NASA, GHRC; GRIP, HIRAD; Atlantic Ocean; aircraft observations, Global Hawks; radiometer, multi-frequency interferometric radiometer, passive microwave sensor; sea surface wind, temperature, rain; hurricane, hurricane study campaign

Campaign

The Genesis and Rapid Intensification Processes (GRIP) experiment was a NASA Earth science field experiment conducted August 5 to September 30, 2010. The major goal was to better understand how tropical storms form and develop into major hurricanes. NASA used the DC-8 aircraft, the WB-57 aircraft and the Global Hawk Unmanned Airborne System (UAS), configured with a suite of in situ and remote sensing instruments that were used to observe and characterize the lifecycle of hurricanes. This campaign also capitalized on a number of ground networks and space-based assets, in addition to the instruments deployed on aircraft from Ft. Lauderdale, Florida ( DC-8), Houston, Texas (WB-57), and NASA Dryden Flight Research Center, California (Global Hawk). More information about this Campaign can be found on the GRIP web site: https://ghrc.nsstc.nasa.gov/home/field-campaigns/grip

Instrument Description

The Hurricane Imaging Radiometer (HIRAD) is a hurricane imaging, single-pol passive C-band radiometer with both cross-track and along-track resolution that measures strong ocean surface winds through heavy rain from an aircraft or space-based platform. Its swath width is approximately 60 degrees in either direction. It provides unique observations of sea surface wind, temperature, and rain.

Investigators
Version 1, 2015:

Daniel J. Cecil
Timothy Miller (retired)
NASA Marshall Space Flight Center

W. Linwood Jones
Spencer Farrar
Saleem Sahawneh
University of Central Florida

Version 0, 2011:

Daniel J. Cecil
NASA Marshall Space Flight Center

Sayak K. Biswas
Universities Space Research Association

 

File Naming Convention

2015 version:

  • Data:
    • HIRAD_TBdata_yyyymmdd_<start>-<stop>_leg##.nc
  • Browse:
    • Flight Track : grip_flighttrack_YYYYMMDD_YYYYMMDD_earl_extrude.kmz
    • TB Image: TB#.kmz
    • Excess TB Image: TB#ex.kmz
      # = 4, 5, 6 and 7 corresponds to 4GHz , 5GHz, 6GHz and 6.6GHz measurement frequencies

2011 version:
The data and browse files are of the form:

  • Data:
    • grip_hirad_yyyymmdd_[EARL|KARL16]_leg#[WSRR|].[mat|nc|txt]
    • grip_hirad_yyyymmdd_[EARL|KARL16]-leg#delTB5fltrd.[mat|nc]
  • Browse:
    • grip_hirad_yyyymmdd_[EARL|KARL16]-leg#[After|Before|Mean_4thOrderFit].jpg
    • grip_hirad_yyyymmdd_[EARL|KARL16]_leg#.jpg
  • Where:
    • yyyymmdd = year, month and day
    • hirad = Hurricane Imaging Radiometer
    • EARL = Hurricane EARL
    • KARL16 = Hurricane KARL
    • # = number of the flight leg (1,2,3,..10)
    • WSRR = wind speed and rain rate
    • delTB5 = Excess TB at 5 Ghz channel
    • <start>, <stop> = time in hhmmss for start and stop times of data collection
    • <dd> = day of flight
    • mat = Matlab
    • nc = netCDF
    • txt = ASCII text
    • jpg = JPEG

Data Format

2015 version:
This data is available in NetCDF format only. A MATLAB script is provided (read_HIRADnc.m) to import the data into MATLAB environment. The format of the NetCDF files is given below:

variables:

  1. single PAZ(azimuth), shape = [Naz]
    • :units = "deg."
    • :valid_range ="-80.0 deg. to +80.0 deg."
    • :long_name = "Pixel Azimuth ( +ve is starboard side )"
  2. int32 DATE(time), shape = [Ntime]
    • :units = "YYYYMMDD"
    • :valid_range = "0 to 99999999"
    • :long_name = "Date"
  3. int32 TIME(time), shape = [Ntime]
    • :units = "HHMMSS UTC"
    • :valid_range = "0 to 235959"
    • :long_name = "Time"
  4. single ACLON(time), shape = [Ntime]
    • :units = "deg. E."
    • :valid_range =" -180.0 to +180.0"
    • :long_name = "Aircraft Longitude"
  5. ACLAT(time), shape = [Ntime]
    • "deg. N." =" -90.0 to +90.0"
    • :long_name = "Aircraft Latitude"
  6. single ACALT(time), shape = [Ntime]
    • :units = "meters"
    • :valid_range = "0 to 20000"
    • :long_name = "Aircraft Altitude"
  7. single RANG(time), shape = [Ntime]
    • :units = "deg."
    • :valid_range =" - 30.0 to +30.0"
    • :long_name = "Aircraft Roll Angle"
  8. single PANG(time), shape = [Ntime]
    • :units = "deg."
    • :valid_range =" - 30.0 to +30.0"
    • :long_name = "Aircraft Pitch Angle"
  9. single THDG(time), shape = [Ntime]
    • :units = "deg."
    • :valid_range = "0.0 to 360.0"
    • :long_name = "Aircraft True Heading (Clockwise from North)"
  10. single ACGS(time), shape = [Ntime]
    • :units = "meters per second"
    • :valid_range = "0.0 to 999.0"
    • :long_name = "Aircraft Ground Speed"
  11. single PLON(time,azimuth), shape = [Ntime Naz]
    • :units = "deg. E."
    • :valid_range =" - 180.0 to +180.0"
    • :missing_value = -999.9
    • :long_name = "Pixel Longitude"
  12. single PLAT(time,azimuth), shape = [Ntime Naz]
    • :units = "deg. N."
    • :valid_range =" -90.0 to +90.0"
    • :missing_value = -999.9
    • :long_name = "Pixel Latitude"
  13. PEIA(time,azimuth), shape = [Ntime Naz]
    • "deg." = "0.0 to +90.0"
    • :missing_value = -999.9
    • :long_name = "Pixel Earth Incidence Angle"
  14. single TB4(time,azimuth), shape = [Ntime Naz]
    • :units = "Kelvin"
    • :valid_range = "0.0 to 400.0"
    • :missing_value = -999.9
    • :long_name = "Brightness Temperature @ 4.0 GHz"
  15. single TB5(time,azimuth), shape = [Ntime Naz]
    • :units = "Kelvin"
    • :valid_range = "0.0 to 400.0"
    • :missing_value = -999.9
    • :long_name = "Brightness Temperature @ 5.0 GHz"
  16. single TB6(time,azimuth), shape = [Ntime Naz]
    • :units = "Kelvin"
    • :valid_range = "0.0 to 400.0"
    • :missing_value = -999.9
    • :long_name = "Brightness Temperature @ 6.0 GHz"
  17. single TB7(time,azimuth), shape = [Ntime Naz]
    • :units = "Kelvin"
    • :valid_range = "0.0 to 400.0"
    • :missing_value = - 999.9
    • :long_name = "Brightness Temperature @ 6.6 GHz"
  18. single EXTB4(time,azimuth), shape = [Ntime Naz]
    • :units = "Kelvin"
    • :valid_range = "0.0 to 400.0"
    • :missing_value = -999.9
    • :long_name = "Excess Brightness Temperature @ 4.0 GHz"
  19. single EXTB5(time,azimuth), shape = [Ntime Naz]
    • :units = "Kelvin"
    • :valid_range = "0.0 to 400.0"
    • :missing_value = -999.9
    • :long_name = "Excess Brightness Temperature @ 5.0 GHz"
  20. single EXTB6(time,azimuth), shape = [Ntime Naz]
    • :units = "Kelvin" = "0.0 to 400.0"
    • :missing_value = -999.9
    • :long_name = "Excess Brightness Temperature @ 6.0 GHz
  21. single EXTB7(time,azimuth), shape = [Ntime Naz]
    • :units = "Kelvin"
    • :valid_range = "0.0 to 400.0"
    • :missing_value = -999.9
    • :long_name = "Excess Brightness Temperature @ 6.6 GHz"
  22. single JSST(time,azimuth), shape = [Ntime Naz]
    • :units = "Centigrade"
    • :valid_range = "0.0 to 100.0"
    • :missing_value = -999.9
    • :long_name = "JPL MUR Sea Surface Temperature"
  23. single MWS(time,azimuth), shape = [Ntime Naz]
    • :units = "meters per second"
    • :valid_range ="0.0 to 100.0"
    • :missing_value = -999.9
    • :long_name = "MERRA 2m Wind Speed"
  24. int32 flag4(time,azimuth), shape = [Ntime Naz]
    • :units = "unitless"
    • :valid_range = "0, 1 and 2"
    • :valid_data = 0
    • :questionable_data = 1
    • :invalid_data = 2
    • :long_name = "Validity Flag for 4.0 GHz Observations"
  25. int32 flag5(time,azimuth), shape = [Ntime Naz]
    • :units = "unitless"
    • :valid_range = "0, 1 and 2"
    • :valid_data = 0
    • :questionable_data = 1
    • :invalid_data = 2
    • :long_name = "Validity Flag for 5.0 GHz Observations"
  26. int32 flag6(time,azimuth), shape = [Ntime Naz]
    • :units = "unitless"
    • :valid_range = "0, 1 and 2"
    • :valid_data = 0
    • :questionable_data = 1
    • :invalid_data = 2
    • :long_name = "Validity Flag for 6.0 GHz Observations"
  27. int32 flag7(time,azimuth), shape = [Ntime Naz]
    • :units = "unitless"
    • :valid_range = "0, 1 and 2"
    • :valid_data = 0
    • :questionable_data = 1
    • :invalid_data = 2
    • :long_name = "Validity Flag for 6.6 GHz Observations"


global Attributes:

  • :FileName = "HIRAD_TBdata_YYYYMMDD_<start:hhmmss> - <stop>_leg##.nc"
  • :FlightDate = "YYYY/MM/DD"
  • :Leg = #
  • :TimeInterval = "hh:mm:ss - hh:mm:ss"
  • :Source = "NASA/MSFC/ZP11"
  • :Project = "Hurricane Imaging Radiometer"
  • :Campaign = "GRIP"
  • :Aircraft = "NASA WB57"
  • :StormName = "<name of storm>"

2011 version:
The data is available in both Matlab and NetCDF format. The wind speed and rain rate files are available in ASCII text format. Information on the variable order in the netCDF files may be found in grip_hirad_netcdf_variables_v0.txt. An example script for reading and plotting the Matlab data is available in grip_hirad_plotting_v0.m, and a cross-track filter script is available in grip_hirad_read_plot_filterTB_HIRAD_v0.m. The browse is available in JPEG format.

Contact Information

The data providers are:

Daniel J. Cecil
NASA MSFC
320 Sparkman Dr NW
Huntsville, AL 35805

Timothy Miller
NASA MSFC (retired)

Saleem Sahawneh
University of Central Florida
P.O. Box 160000
Orlando, FL. 32816

To order these data or for further information, please contact:

Global Hydrology Resource Center
User Services
320 Sparkman Drive
Huntsville, AL 35805
Phone: 256-961-7932
E-mail: support-ghrc@earthdata.nasa.gov
Web: http://ghrc.nsstc.nasa.gov/

 
 

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